Dialects

The dialect is the system SQLAlchemy uses to communicate with various types of DBAPI implementations and databases. The sections that follow contain reference documentation and notes specific to the usage of each backend, as well as notes for the various DBAPIs.

All dialects require that an appropriate DBAPI driver is installed.

Included Dialects

Included, but not currently supported dialects

The following dialects have implementations within SQLAlchemy, but they are not part of continuous integration testing nor are they actively developed. These dialects may be removed in future major releases.

External Dialects

Currently maintained external dialect projects for SQLAlchemy include:

Database

Dialect

Amazon Redshift (via psycopg2)

sqlalchemy-redshift

Apache Drill

sqlalchemy-drill

Apache Druid

pydruid

Apache Hive and Presto

PyHive

Apache Solr

sqlalchemy-solr

CockroachDB

sqlalchemy-cockroachdb

CrateDB

crate-python

EXASolution

sqlalchemy_exasol

Elasticsearch (readonly)

elasticsearch-dbapi

Firebird

sqlalchemy-firebird

Google BigQuery

pybigquery

Google Sheets

gsheets

IBM DB2 and Informix

ibm-db-sa

IBM Netezza Performance Server

nzalchemy

Microsoft Access (via pyodbc)

sqlalchemy-access

Microsoft SQL Server (via python-tds)

sqlalchemy-tds

Microsoft SQL Server (via turbodbc)

sqlalchemy-turbodbc

MonetDB

sqlalchemy-monetdb

SAP Hana

sqlalchemy-hana

SAP Sybase SQL Anywhere

sqlalchemy-sqlany

Snowflake

snowflake-sqlalchemy

Teradata Vantage

teradatasqlalchemy